Washington: A new study has suggested that people who are deemed social misfits or ‘losers’ are ineffective leaders, even if they are fighting for a cause that would benefit a larger group. Researchers from the Rice University, the University of Texas and Universitat de Valencia observed the contributions of 80 participants in a repeated public-goods game and found that players were more likely to mimic the actions of a leader they perceived as a high-status individual; they ignored leaders perceived as low-status and, when they had a chance, punished them for trying to lead.“In a team, naming someone a leader is not sufficient to create effective leadership. The status of the leader-the way in which the leader is chosen-determines the extent to which the rest of the subjects will follow,” said Rick Wilson, co-author of the study. In each round of the research experiment, players were given 50 experimental currency units (ECUs) and had to decide what portion to keep for themselves and how much to contribute to a group account.
Whatever was put into the group account was doubled and then split equally by the group of four. In half the experiments, the leader was the player who had the highest score (high status); in the other half, the player who had the lowest score (low status) was designated as the leader. The group members were told how their leader was chosen.
At the end of each of the 20 rounds, each follower observed his or her own earnings and the leader’s contributions. The leader observed the contributions of each of the followers. On average, players allocated between 40 and 50 percent of their ECUs to the public pot, whether they had a high- or low-status leader. However, contributions from followers with low-status leaders dropped off in later rounds even though their leaders began giving more and more, crusading for followers to make greater contributions to the public pot that could benefit everyone in the group.
Groups with high-status leaders showed greater stability, and the followers were more likely to imitate their leaders-even though those leaders maintained the amount of their initial contributions. “In teams with high-status leaders, followers are more likely to go along with them, even though the leader does not necessarily set a good example. “A high-status leader should be willing to risk making unilaterally high contributions to the public good, because the followers will do the same,” said Wilson.
Wilson and his co-authors, Catherine Eckel of the University of Texas and Enrique Fatas of the Universitat de Valencia, also studied the effect of punishment. Once punishment was introduced, contributions increased significantly for the groups with a low-status leader and only slightly for those with a high-status leader.
However, low-status leaders punished others and, in turn, were punished more. They made significantly less money in the experiment than any other player. “Punishment, while important to enforcing cooperative norms in many social dilemmas, does not boost contributions in all instances. The bottom line is that high-status leaders don’t need to punish because they are followed,” added Wilson.(Gaeatimes/ANI)
